I think macOS applications feel like they have mostly updated to use the native resolution, so arbitrary scaling works great now. My comparative experience with a new Windows laptop is how I remember macOS felt when they first made high density screens many years ago: lots of render bugs all over, and every program has to be re-opened when I plug in an external screen to be usable at the new resolution

Most macOS applications now support rendering at 1x and 2x. And arbitrary scaling is done by the OS not by apps.

That’s the ideal. Apps shouldn’t concern themselves with pixels. It’s the OSs job to know the hardware the machine uses.

This leads to visible moire patterns at non-integer scalings, though

We should probably have nicer scaling algorithms that account for Moirés. Also, when you see a Moiré, that’s because you are scaling a bitmap that has periodic dithering. These should be more rare now, and a good opportunity to replace them with vector images with periodic patterns that are tuned for physical dimensions rather than pixel count.